Hari Tua Banyak Warga RI Terancam Tanpa Jaminan Pendapatan

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) menyoroti rendahnya perlindungan pendapatan warga Indonesia setelah pensiun. Hal ini tercermin dari tingkat kepesertaan dana pensiun yang masih minim dan replacement ratio yang jauh di bawah standar internasional.

Kepala Eksekutif Pengawas Perasuransian, Penjaminan, dan Dana Pensiun OJK, Ogi Prastomiyono, menyatakan, replacement ratio pensiun di Indonesia hanya mencapai 10-15 persen, padahal menurut standar Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional (ILO) seharusnya minimum 40 persen.

Replacement ratio adalah persentase pendapatan yang diterima seseorang saat pensiun dibandingkan dengan penghasilannya sebelum pensiun. Sebagai contoh, jika seseorang memiliki gaji Rp 10 juta per bulan sebelum pensiun, seharusnya dia menerima manfaat pensiun minimal Rp 4 juta per bulan sesuai ketentuan ILO. “Artinya, sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia belum memiliki jaminan pendapatan yang memadai saat memasuki usia pensiun,” ujarnya dalam acara Indonesia Pension Fund Summit (IPFS) di Tangerang Selatan, Kamis (23/10/2026).

Sampai 2024, aset dana pensiun di Indonesia tercatat Rp 1.509,9 triliun, setara 6,8 persen terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB). Target 2026 adalah meningkat menjadi 8 persen terhadap PDB, namun angka ini masih jauh dibandingkan negara-negara OECD, misalnya Malaysia yang mencapai 60 persen terhadap PDB.

Rendahnya aset dana pensiun juga sejalan dengan minimnya kepesertaan program pensiun wajib. Pada 2024, hanya 23,6 juta pekerja dari total 144,6 juta angkatan kerja yang terdaftar. “Artinya, masih banyak yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperdalam pasar dana pensiun,” kata Ogi.

Untuk menutup kesenjangan tersebut, OJK menekankan pentingnya kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan guna menciptakan sistem pensiun yang mampu memperluas kepesertaan sekaligus meningkatkan perlindungan bagi masyarakat di masa tua.

Dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN), target rasio aset dana pensiun terhadap PDB dicanangkan mencapai 11,2 persen pada 2029 dan 20,4 persen pada 2045. Ogi menegaskan, “Kunci keberhasilan reformasi adalah kolaborasi strategis dari berbagai pihak.”

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